2 Samuel 12:11

Authorized King James Version

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Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun.

Original Language Analysis

כֹּ֣ה׀ H3541
כֹּ֣ה׀
Strong's: H3541
Word #: 1 of 20
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַ֣ר Thus saith H559
אָמַ֣ר Thus saith
Strong's: H559
Word #: 2 of 20
to say (used with great latitude)
יְהוָ֗ה the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֗ה the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 3 of 20
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
הִנְנִי֩ H2005
הִנְנִי֩
Strong's: H2005
Word #: 4 of 20
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
מֵקִ֨ים Behold I will raise up H6965
מֵקִ֨ים Behold I will raise up
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 5 of 20
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
עָלֶ֤יךָ H5921
עָלֶ֤יךָ
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 6 of 20
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
רָעָה֙ evil H7451
רָעָה֙ evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 7 of 20
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
מִבֵּיתֶ֔ךָ against thee out of thine own house H1004
מִבֵּיתֶ֔ךָ against thee out of thine own house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 8 of 20
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וְלָֽקַחְתִּ֤י and I will take H3947
וְלָֽקַחְתִּ֤י and I will take
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 9 of 20
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נָשֶׁ֔יךָ thy wives H802
נָשֶׁ֔יךָ thy wives
Strong's: H802
Word #: 11 of 20
a woman
לְעֵינֵ֖י before thine eyes H5869
לְעֵינֵ֖י before thine eyes
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 12 of 20
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
וְנָֽתַתִּ֖י and give H5414
וְנָֽתַתִּ֖י and give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 13 of 20
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לְרֵעֶ֑יךָ them unto thy neighbour H7453
לְרֵעֶ֑יךָ them unto thy neighbour
Strong's: H7453
Word #: 14 of 20
an associate (more or less close)
וְשָׁכַב֙ and he shall lie H7901
וְשָׁכַב֙ and he shall lie
Strong's: H7901
Word #: 15 of 20
to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 16 of 20
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
נָשֶׁ֔יךָ thy wives H802
נָשֶׁ֔יךָ thy wives
Strong's: H802
Word #: 17 of 20
a woman
לְעֵינֵ֖י before thine eyes H5869
לְעֵינֵ֖י before thine eyes
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 18 of 20
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ of this sun H8121
הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ of this sun
Strong's: H8121
Word #: 19 of 20
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
הַזֹּֽאת׃ H2063
הַזֹּֽאת׃
Strong's: H2063
Word #: 20 of 20
this (often used adverb)

Analysis & Commentary

Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Nathan's Rebuke, emphasizing conviction, repentance, consequences. Nathan's prophetic confrontation using parable demonstrates effective rebuke methodology. David's immediate repentance ("I have sinned against the LORD") contrasts with Saul's defensive self-justification. The child's death demonstrates that forgiveness doesn't eliminate all consequences. Theological themes include God's hatred of sin, the necessity of repentance, the distinction between eternal and temporal consequences, and God's grace that continues despite devastating sin.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 12 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding conviction, repentance, consequences provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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